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KARATE TERMINOLOGY










KARATE TERMINOLOGY (Japanese - English)

A
AGE
Upper or rising.

AGE-HAISOKU-UCHI
Rising instep strike. Raising your instep into your attackers groin. Usually combined with a knee kick. It is used in the Kata Nijushiho. This is an effective "close-in" technique.

AGE-UKE
Upper rising block. A basic block to a Jodan attack.

AGE-ZUKI
Rising punch. Also called Age Tsuki.

AGE-EMPI-UCHI
Upward elbow strike or rising elbow strike. Also referred to as Tate Empi Uchi (vertical elbow strike).

AGO
Jaw or chin, as in mouth.

AGURA-WO-KAKU
Informal sitting. This is sitting with the legs crossed.

AI
Harmony.

AI-KAMAE
Harmony posture. This is in relation to your opponent when you are in matching stances. i.e. both have the right leg forward.

AI-KI
Harmonious spirit. This is where you integrate all your movements, breathing etc. to exactly match your opponents and you then control him from it. It is also called "Spirit Meeting" or "Harmony Meeting".

AIKIDO
The way of harmony.

AITE
Opponent or partner.

AITE-NO-TSUKURI
Conditioning of your opponent or partner. This is the preparing or setting up of your opponent in order to execute your technique so that it is most effective.

AIUCHI
Simultaneous strike.

AKA
Red.

AKIRESU-KEN
Achilles tendon. The large tendon at the back of the foot.

ANANKU
An Okinawan Shorin Ryu Kata, meaning light from the south.

ANTEI
Balance, stability or equilibrium. Also see Fu-Anti.

ASHI (1)
Foot or Leg.

ASHI (2)
One leg or single leg.

ASHI-ATE
Foot strikes or leg strikes. These are methods of attacking with the knee, ball or edge of the foot, heel, etc.

ASHI-BARAI
Foot or leg sweep. Also called Ashi Harai.

ASHI-DACHI
Single leg stance, a general term for one leg stances. See also Sashi Ashi Dachi, Tsuru Ashi Dachi and Sagi Ashi Dachi.

ASHI-FUMIKAE
Changing feet.

ASHI-GAKE
Used in the Kata Bassai Sho, where you hook your foot behind your attackers and then pull your foot back in towards you pulling your attackers foot with you, pulling him off balance. This is different to an Ashi Barai because this is not done in a sweeping motion.

ASHI-HARAI
Foot or leg sweeping, another name for Ashi Barai.

ASHI-HISHIGI
Leg lock or crunch. You apply pressure to your opponent’s lower calf in order to pin him to the floor.

ASHI-SABAKI
Foot work or foot movement.

ASHI-WAZA
Name given to all leg and foot techniques.

ASHI-YUBI
Toes. Ashi meaning "of the foot" and Yubi being "the digit".

ASHIBO-KAKE-UKE
Leg hooking block, in which the leg is raised to the side and swung in a circle to deflect an opponents side kick to the abdomen.

ASHIKUBI
Ankle. Ashi means "of the foot" and Kubi means "of the joint".

ASHIKUBI-KAKE-UKE
Ankle hooking block. Normally used to block a front kick. It is similar in motion to Ashibo-Kake Uke.

ASHIZOKO
Bottom foot. You use this to sweep your opponents foot during Ashi Barai.

ATAMA
Head, or the top of the head.

ATE
Strike or striking.

ATE-WAZA
Striking or smashing techniques.

ATEMI
Body strike or striking.

ATEMI-WAZA
Body striking techniques that are normally used in conjunction with grappling and throwing techniques.

ATERU
To place, to put, or to hold.

ATO-UCHI
Delayed strike or feint. A feint must cause your opponent to believe that the attack is going to hit him and therefore cause him to move his guard and try to block it, which in turn will give you your target area.

ATTATE-IRU
Contact.

AU
To meet. This means to encounter an opponent, be it in the Dojo or "on the street".

AWASE
Combined.

AWASE-AGE-UKE
Combined upper rising block, both arms coming up together performing the block. It is seen in the Kata Bassai Dai. It can also be used as a defence when someone attempts a two handed grab.

AWASE-HIKI-TSUKAMI
Combined pulling grasp, As seen in the Kata Heian Godan after the hand-pressing block.

AWASE-KOKO-UKE
Combined tiger mouth block, as seen in the Kata Empi. A good technique against a Jo or Bo attack.

AWASE-MAWASHI-KAKE-UKE
Combined round house hooking block. Seen in the Kata Nijushiho. This technique can also be used to unbalance or throw your attacker.

AWASE-MAWASHI-UKE
Combined roundhouse block, as seen at the start of Kata Kankau Dai.

AWASE-SHUTO-AGE-UKE
Combined knife hand rising block. As seen in the Kata Chinte. The thumbs touch forming a triangle.

AWASE-UCHI
Combined strike. A general term for all combined strikes.

AWASE-UKE
Combined block. A general term for all combined blocks.

AWASE-WAZA
Combined techniques.

AWASE-ZUKI
U-punch. Also referred to as Morote Zuki.

AYUMI
Step or pace.

AYUMI-ASHI
Stepping foot, a method of footwork, where the feet move alternatively one ahead of the other each sliding along the floor.

AYUMI-DACHI
A stance found in ItosuKai Shito-Ryu. It is a natural "walking" stance with the weight over the centre.
B
BARAI
Sweep, sometimes seen as Harai.

BASSAI-DAI
To penetrate a fortress (greater of pair). Normally taught once third Kyu has been obtained. This Kata was originally called Passai.

BASSAI-SHO
To penetrate a fortress (lesser of pair). A technically more advanced Kata than Bassai Dai. The Kata is notable for its leg sweeps and blocks against a staff or Bo.

BETEI
The bones at the base of the spine.

BO
Staff. A long stick used as a weapon (approximately 6 feet long).

BO-UCHI

Bo strike. A general term for any strike using a Bo.

BO-UKE
Bo block, a block against an attack from a Bo. This is a general term that covers any block against a Bo attack.

BO-WAZA
Bo techniques.

BO-JUTSU
Wooden staff art.

BOGU (1)
Protective equipment. i.e. hand mitts.

BOGU (2)
Body armour.

BOGU-KUMITE (1)
Sparring wearing protective equipment.

BOGU-KUMITE (2)
A method of fighting wearing armour.

BOGYO-ROKU-KYODO
Six defence actions. A basic drill of the Japan Karate-Do Ryobu-Kai. Uses the old names of techniques.

BOKKEN
A wooden sword. It resembles a Katana and is used for practice.

BUDO
Martial way. In Karate, there is an assumption that the best way to prevent violent conflict is to emphasise the cultivation of individual character. The way (Do) of Karate is thus equivalent to the way of Bu, taken in this sense of preventing or avoiding violence so far as possible.

BUGEI
Martial arts.

BUNKAI
A study of the techniques and applications in Kata.

BUSHI
Warrior.

BUSHI-TE
Warrior hands. One of the old names for Karate.

BUSHIDO
Way of the warrior. Bushi meaning "warrior" and Do meaning "way of".

BYOBUDAOSHI
To topple a folded screen. This is a throwing technique where you step your leg behind your attackers front leg and at the same time that you sweep his leg you attack his chin with your open hand pushing his head back in the opposite direction that which his leg is being swept in.
C
CHI
Blood.

CHIKARA
Power or strength.

CHINTE
Strange hands. A higher grade Kata. Master Funakoshi named this Kata Shoin. The Kata originally came from China.

CHINTO
An Okinawan Shorin Ryu Kata, meaning fighting to the east. The old name for the Kata Gankaku, which means "crane on a rock". Funakoshi changed its name.

CHOJI-DACHI
"T"-stance, this is an old name for what is now called Teiji Dachi. It is a stance where the feet form the shape of a "T".

CHOKKAKU
Right angle.

CHOKU
Straight.

CHOKU-ZUKI
Straight punch. This is a punch that is normally practised from the standing position and is generally the first punch taught in Karate. It is seen used in the Kata Bassai Dai.

CHOWA
Harmony. The harmonious mental and physical reaction while at practice.

CHOWASURU
To have harmony with opponent, to harmonise movements in Kata demonstrations etc.

CHOYAKU-HANGEKI
Jumping counter attack.

CHU
Middle.

CHUDAN
Mid-Level or mid-section. If called prior to an attack it indicates that the attack will be to the stomach area.

CHUDAN
Middle area.

CHUDAN-BARAI-UKE
Middle level sweeping block. The same as a Gedan Barai Uke but used against a middle level attack.

CHUDAN-CHOKU-ZUKI
A straight punch to the mid-section of the opponent's body.

CHUDAN-NO-KAMAE
Middle level posture, or middle level guard. A freestyle posture where your hands are held at middle level.

CHUDAN-TEISHO-FURI-UCHI
Middle level palm heel circular strike. Used in the Kata Chinte.

CHUDAN-UCHI-UDE-UKE
Middle level inside forearm block. A basic Shotokan block. Also see Uchi Ude Uke.

CHUDAN-UDE-UKE
Middle level forearm block, blocking an attack to the mid-section.

CHUDAN-UKE
Middle level block. A general term for middle level blocks.

CHUDAN-ZUKI
A punch to the mid-section of the opponent's body.

CHUSOKU
Ball of foot.
D
DAI
Lesser or minor. (the term describes the movements of the Kata rather than its importance).

DAN
Level, rank or degree. A black belt rank. Grades under black belt are known as Kyu grades. Most associations recognise up to 10 levels of black belt.

DAN-ZUKI
Consecutive punching (same hand). This can be effective if done quickly because your opponent will not expect a second punch from the same hand.

DANCHU
Summit of breast bone or sternum. A good technique to drop your opponent to the floor is to push your fingers down behind the top of the sternum.

DE
Advancing.

DEAI
Encountering. see Deai Osae Uke.

DEAI-OSAE-UKE
Pressing block, stepping in at the time, or encountering as the attack comes forward, or suppressing it.

DEASHI-BARAI
Advanced foot sweep. Sometimes seen as Deashi Harai.

DENKO
The area between the seventh and eighth ribs.

DESHI
Trainee.

DO (1)
Way or path. In Karate, the connotation is that of a way of attaining enlightenment or a way of improving one's character through traditional training.

DO (2)
Torso or trunk of body.

DO (3)
Movement or activity.

DO-KYAKU
Moving leg.

DOGU
Tools, equipment, instruments, etc. All of the pieces of equipment used in martial arts practice.

DOJI
Simultaneous.

DOJI-WAZA
Simultaneous techniques. Used to describe any time that techniques are performed simultaneously.

DOJO
Literally "place of the way." Also "place of enlightenment." The place where we practice Karate.
Traditional etiquette prescribes bowing in the direction of the designated front of the Dojo (Shomen) when entering or leaving the Dojo.


DOJO-KUN
School oath, or standard of the school.

DOKAN
The ring of the way; repetition, constant practice.

DOKKO
The Mastoids. Found by pressing up behind the base of the ears.

DOMO-ARIGATO-GOZAIMASHITA
Japanese for "thank you very much." At the end of each class, it is proper to bow and thank the instructor and those with whom you've trained.

DORI (1)
Practice.

DORI (2)
Pull or hold.

DOSHU
Master or master of the way.
E
EKU
A wooden oar used by the Okinawans which was improvised as a weapon.

EMBUSEN
Performance line, the floor pattern of a given Kata. All Shotokan Kata will start and finish on the same spot.

EMPI (1)
A black belt level Kata, translated as "Flying Swallow". This Kata was originally called Wanshu. It is named after a flying swallow because the alternate high and low attacks that are seen in it are said to resemble a swallow in flight. It is considered to be one of the oldest Kata.

EMPI (2)
Elbow. Sometimes referred to as Hiji.

EMPI-SURI-UKE
See Hiji Suri Uke.

EMPI-UCHI
Elbow strike (also called Hiji Ate)

EMPI-UKE
Elbow block. A general term for the blocking action using the elbow.

EN
Circle.

EN-SHO
Round heel, an alternative name for Kakato.

ENGETSU-UKE
Circular foot block.

ENOREI
Relax. You may also see this as Enoy.

ENOY
Relax. See Enorei.

ENPI
Elbow, normally spelt as Empi.

ENSHIN
Centre of a circle or circular.

ERI
Lapel, as in the lapel on a Gi.

ERI-SEOI-NAGE
Lapel shoulder throw. People often think that there are no throws in Karate, yet the earliest Karate books demonstrate throws as Karate techniques.

ERI-TSUKAMI
Lapel grab.
F
FU-ANTI
Instability or lack of balance.

FUDO-DACHI
Immovable stance or rooted stance. Also referred to as Sochin Dachi.

FUKAI
Hold strongly.

FUKURAHAGI
Calf (of the leg).

FUKUTO
The outside of the lower part of the thigh.

FUMI-WAZA
Stamping techniques.

FUMIKIRI-GERI
Cutting kick. A stamping style kick using the edge or blade of the foot to strike with. A good technique for striking in to an opponents wind-pipe when he is on the floor.

FUMIKOMI-GERI
Stamping kick. Usually applied to the knee, shin, or instep of an opponent.

FURI
Swing or circular or round.

FURI-KOSA-BARAI
Circular cross sweep, It is used in the Kata Nijushiho.

FURIAGE
Swing up.

FURIKAERU
Turn (look) round, rotate and look back.

FURISUTE
Swing.

FUSE
Defence or ground.

FUSHI
Joint, knuckle.

FUSHO
Injury, wound.
G
GAESHI
Counter. This is also spelt Kaeshi.

GAI-WAN
Outer arm, part of the forearm located on the side opposite the thumb.

GAN
Eye. You may also see this as Gansei.

GANCHU
Area below the nipples.

GANKAKU
"Crane on a rock", a Kata from Shotokan Karate.

GANKAKU-DACHI
Crane stance, sometimes referred to as Tsuru Ashi Dachi and Sagi Ashi Dachi.

GANKAKU-KAMAE
Crane posture, as used in the Kata Gankaku. The legs are in Tsuru Ashi Dachi and the arms in Manji Uke.

GASSHUKUA
Special training camp.

GEDAN
Lower level or lower section. If called prior to an attack it indicates that the attack will be to the lower area of the body.

GEDAN-BARAI
Lower level sweep. A basic karate block. Normally the first move students make prior to going on to do their combinations, one of the reasons for this is so that the first move in Karate is a block which demonstrates that Karate is for self-defence.

GEDAN-BARAI-UKE
Lower level sweeping block, usually shortened to Gedan Barai.

GEDAN-CHOKU-ZUKI
A punch to the lower section of the opponent's body, normally the groin.

GEDAN-JUJI-UKE
Lower level X block. As seen in the Kata Heian Yondan and others. Normally used to block a front kick. The block should land after the attacker has raised his knee but prior to his leg beginning to extend.

GEDAN-KAKE-UKE
Lower level hooking block.

GEDAN-SHUTO-OSAE
Lower level knife hand press. As seen in the Kata Gojushiho Dai.

GEDAN-SOTO-UDE-UKE
Lower level outside forearm block, as seen in the Kata Tekki Nidan.

GEDAN-SUKUI-UKE
Lower level hooking block, as seen in the Kata Bassai Dai.

GEDAN-UDE-UKE
Low forearm block.

GEDAN-UKE
Lower level block.

GEDAN-ZUKI
Lower level punch, usually directed at the groin area.

GEKON
The spot beneath the lower lip. Ippon Ken is a good technique to use to attack this target.

GERI
Kick, sometimes also seen as being spelt as Keri.

GERI-NUKE
Best described as slipping through the enemy by kicking.

GERI-WAZA
Kicking techniques.

GERIGAESHI
Return kick or kick counter. After you have executed the kick and performed Gerihanashi you then reextend the kick back in to the target. This technique often works because after you have put your first kick in which may have been blocked by your opponent he doesn't expect the second kick to come from the same leg and drops his guard to it.

GERIHANASHI
Kick release. After executing a kick you must withdraw the leg with the same speed as the kick went in. If you leave your leg out after a kick it can be grabbed by your opponent who can then easily break your supporting leg with a simple kick.

GI
Training uniform. Traditionally in Japanese and Okinawan Karate Dojo, the Gi must be white and cotton. The only markings allowed are the organisation patch on the left breast area and the person's name at the front bottom corner of the jacket.

GO-NO-SEN
The tactic where one allows the opponent to attack first so to open up targets for counter acttack.

GOHON-KUMITE
Five step basic sparring. The attacker steps in five consecutive times with a striking technique with each step. The defender steps back five times, blocking each technique. After the fifth block, the defender executes a counter-strike and Kiais.

GOJU-RYU
Hard, soft way. An Okinawan style of Karate.

GOJUSHIHO
An Okinawan Kata, meaning 54 steps.

GOJUSHIHO-SHO-/-DAI
Fifty Four Steps. Two high grade Katas which were originally performed over fifty four steps.

GOSHI
Hip, sometimes is spelt as Koshi.

GOSHIN
Self defence.

GYAKU
Reverse or opposite.

GYAKU-ASHI
Reverse foot or reverse leg.

GYAKU-HANMI
Reversed side-on, half front facing position. This stance is useful in assisting kicking off the back leg as a counter move because the hip is all ready in.

GYAKU-MAWASHI-GERI
Reverse round-house kick. Sometimes also called Ura Mawashi Geri. Instead of coming from the outside in, the leg travels from the inside out.

GYAKU-MAWASHI-EMPI-UCHI
Reverse roundhouse elbow strike.

GYAKU-MIKAZUKI-GERI
Back or reverse crescent kick, as seen in the Kata Empi. May also be seen as Ura Mikazuki Geri.

GYAKU-TE
Reverse hand.

GYAKU-ZUKI
Reverse punch. A basic Karate punch. The punching hand is the opposite one to the leg that is forward.
H
HA
Tooth.

HACHIJI-DACHI
A natural stance, feet positioned about shoulder width apart, and pointed slightly outward.

HADA
Skin. also see Hifu.

HADASHI
Bare feet.

HAGUKI
Gums.

HAI (1)
Yes.

HAI (2)
Lung.

HAI-WAN
Back arm.

HAI-WAN-NAGASHI-UKE
Back arm-sweeping block. Nagashi can mean "flowing" as in Nagashi Zuki, or "flowing punch".

HAI-WAN-UKE
Back arm block.

HAIMEN
Back or rear side.

HAISHU
Backhand or back of the hand.

HAISHU-AGE-UCHI
Back hand rising strike. Used in the Kata Nijushiho.

HAISHU-AWASE-UKE
Backhand combined block, the opening block in the Kata Gankaku. Also seen in Bassai Sho.

HAISHU-JUJI-UKE
Backhand cross block.

HAISHU-UCHI
Back hand strike. A strike with the back of the hand where the hand and fingers are straight.

HAISHU-UKE
Back hand block. A block using the back of the hand.

HAISOKU
Instep of the foot. The area at the base of the shin bone and the top of the foot.

HAITO
Ridge hand. Thumb extended across the palm touching the base of the little finger and striking with the area just below the base of the index finger to the first joint of the thumb. Often used against the temple.

HAITO-KOSHI-KAMAE
Ridge-hand hip posture. The bottom hand is held as Seiken and the top hand is held in Haito with the palm facing up.

HAITO-SUKUI-NAGE
Ridge-hand scooping throw. Used to counter a front kick. As you scoop the leg you bring it up high, hopefully taking your attacker off balance and throwing him to the floor.

HAITO-UCHI
Ridge hand strike.

HAITO-UKE
Ridge hand block.

HAJIME
Begin. A command given to start a given drill, Kata, or Kumite.

HAN
Half.

HAN-ZENKUTSU-DACHI
Half front stance, where the feet are only half the distance apart from the full stance. Also see Moto Dachi.

HANA
Nose.

HANAJI
Nosebleed.

HANGETSU
A black belt level Kata, meaning half moon.

HANGETSU-DACHI
Half moon stance. It is also known as wide hour glass stance.

HANMI
Side on, half front facing position.

HANMI-SASHI-ASHI-DACHI
Side on or half front facing stepping across position, as seen in the Kata Hungestsu.

HANMI-KAMAE
Half facing position.

HANSHI
Master. An honorary title given to the highest black belt of an organisation, signifying their understanding of their art.

HARA
Abdomen, belly, means the same as Tandan.

HARAI
Sweep or sweeping. Normally seen as Barai.

HARAI-FUMIKOMI-GERI
Sweeping stamping kick, as seen in the Kata Bassai Dai.

HARAI-TE
Sweeping technique with the hand.

HARAI-WAZA
Sweeping techniques.

HARU
Spread.

HASAMI
Scissors.

HASAMI-(UDE)-UKE-HIZA- KAMAE
Scissor (forearm) block knee posture. Both forearms perform a scissor block and at the same time the right knee raises attacking the groin.

HASAMI-GERI
Scissor kick.

HASAMI-TETTSUI-UCHI
Scissor bottom fist strike. Both bottom fists perform a scissor strike in to the sides of your attackers body.

HASAMI-ZUKI
Scissor punch.

HAYAI
Quick, fast or rapid.

HAZUSHI
Pulling away.

HAZUSHI-TE
Pulling away hand, used to describe the action of pulling your hand away, after it has been grasped.

HEIAN
Peaceful mind or peace or tranquillity. These five Kata were originally called Pinan. Funakoshi said that having mastered these five Kata and all of their moves, you should now be confident enough that you could defend yourself from attack and the meaning of the name Heian is to be taken in this context.

HEIKO-DACHI
Parallel stance. A natural stance. Feet positioned about shoulder width apart, pointed straight forward.

HEIKO-DACHI-(HIGAONNA- LINE)
A heiko dachi stance, where the front foot is turned slightly inwards while the rear foot is straight.

HEIKO-TATE-ZUKI
Parallel vertical fist punch, As seen in the Kata Gojushiho Dai.

HEIKO-URA-ZUKI
Parallel close punch. Used in the Kata Bassai Sho.

HEIKO-ZUKI
Parallel punch. A double, simultaneous punch.

HEISOKU
Instep.

HEISOKU-DACHI
An informal attention stance. Feet and toes are together and pointed straight forward.

HENKA
Changing.

HENKA-WAZA
Changing techniques.

HENTE
Changing hands. This means changing your blocking hand to your attacking hand, or your attacking hand to your blocking hand. For example you block and then attack straight away with the same hand.

HENTE-WAZA
Changing hands techniques.

HICHU
The base of the throat, Adam's-apple or projection of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx.

HIDARI
Left or left side. Also spelt as Hadari.

HIDARI-JIGO-TAI
Left defensive posture.

HIDARI-KAGI-KAMAE
Left hooking stance or posture, as seen in the Kata Hiean Godan.

HIDARI-KAMAE
Left posture. Used to describe when your left side is forward in a stance.

HIDARI-NANEME-NI-YOKERU- KOTO
Left diagonal evasion.

HIDARI-TE
Left hand.

HIFU
Skin. also see Hada.

HIJI
Elbow, also known as Empi. Hiji is the older version.

HIJI-ATEMI
Elbow strikes.

HIJI-UKE
A blocking action using the elbow.

HIJI-WAZA
Elbow techniques.

HIJI-ATE
Elbow strike, also called Empi Uchi.

HIJIZUME
Elbow joint.

HIKI
Retract or pull back. Also sometimes spelt as Hiku.

HIKI-ASHI
Retracting leg, pulling your front leg back so that it is level with what was the rear leg. i.e. to avoid a sweep.

HIKI-TE
The retracting (pulling and twisting) arm during a technique. It gives the balance of power to the forward moving technique. It can also be used as a pulling technique after a grab, or a strike backward with the elbow.

HIKKAKU
Scratch, to wound with the nails. This is can be an application from the Kata Bassai Sho, where you bring your fingers back across your attackers eyes.

HIKUME
Low.

HINERI
Twist. Sometimes this is also seen spelt as Hineru.

HINERI-TENSHIN
A move where you twist and change your course, e.g. when you twist your wrist out of the grip of your opponent and at the same time change your body course. It is seen in the Katas Heian Sandan and Kanku Dai.

HINERI-YOKO-EMPI-UCHI
Twisting lateral elbow strike.

HINERITE-UKE
Twisting hand block.

HINERU
Twist. Sometimes this is also seen spelt as Hineri.

HIRA
Flat or level.

HIRA-HASAMI
Flat scissors. Normally called Koko or Tiger Mouth.

HIRA-NUKITE
Level spear hand or level piercing hand. This is when the palm is facing down.

HIRA-KOTE
Level forearm. Centre of the outer and inner forearms.

HIRAKEN
Flat fist or fore knuckle fist, as in a punch but with the knuckles extended. Also referred to as Hiraken Zuki.

HIRAKEN-ZUKI
Fore-knuckle strike.

HIRATE
Flat or level hand.

HIRATE-DE-UTSU
Slap, as in open handed strike.

HIRATE-OSAE-UKE
Fore hand pressing block, or flat hand pressing block.

HISHIRYO
Think without thinking; consciousness beyond thought.

HITAI
Brow or forehead.

HITOSASHI-IPPON-KEN
Forefinger knuckle fist, more commonly seen as Ippon Ken.

HITOSASHIYUBI-IPPON-KEN
Fore finger fist. Normally called Ippon Ken.

HIZA
Knee or lap.

HIZA
Knee.

HIZA-DACHI
One knee stance. Half or single kneeling position. As seen in the Kata Gankaku.

HIZA-GERI
Knee kick.

HIZA-UKE
Knee block, A blocking action using the knee.

HIZA-WAZA
Knee techniques.

HIZAGASHIRA
Knee cap.

HIZAGASHIRA-GERI
Knee cap kick.

HIZAKANSETSU
Knee joint.

HIZATSUI
Knee hammer.

HIZKEN-GERI
Kneefist kick. Another name for Hiza Geri.

HO
Step or pace.

HOKO
Direction.

HOMBU
Headquarters.

HOMBU-DOJO
A term used to refer to the central Dojo of an organisation.

HON
Basic or fundamental.

HONE
Bone.

HOO
Cheek.

HORAN-NO-KAMAE
"Egg in the nest posture" or ready position used in some Kata where the fist in covered by the other hand. Another way of explaining this position is that empty hand (karateka) over comes angry fist (A non-karate person). It is also called wrapped fist.

HUNGETSU
Half moon. A black belt Kata mainly performed from Hungetsu Dachi. This Kata is sometimes seen spelt as Hangetsu.

HUNGETSU-DACHI
Half moon stance. Also seen spelt as Hangetsu Dachi.

HYOSHI
Rhythm.
I
IAI (1)
Sparring which begins with both the attacker and the defender seated and facing each other is called Iai.

IAI (2)
Swordplay.

IAIDO
Way of the sword.

IBUKI
Breathing method.

ICHI (1)
One.

ICHI (2)
Position or location.

ICHIBYOSHI
In one breath.

IIE
No, that is incorrect.

IKKEN-HISSATSU
To kill with one blow.

INASU
Evasion of an on-coming attack through the course of removing the body from the line of attack.

IPPON
One point (in sport karate).

IPPON-DACHI
Another term for a one legged stance, also see Ashi Dachi.

IPPON-KEN
One knuckle fist.

IPPON-KUMITE
One step sparring.

IPPON-NUKITE
One finger spear hand. A stabbing action using the extended index finger. Normally aimed at the eyes or throat.

IPPON-ZUKI
One finger thrust. Normally called Ippon Nukite.

IRIMI
To penetrate, to enter. Usually describes moving closer to the opponent than the attack as you close in defence.

ISSHIN-RYU
"One heart school" An Okinawan style of karate.
J
JI-IN
Temple grounds.

JI-ON
From the temple of Ji-On. A higher grade Kata

JIAI
To be in harmony with one's self (start position of Ji Katas). It said that it was a form of greeting used by the monks at the temple of Ji-On.

JIAI-NO-KAMAE
In harmony with one's self posture, as seen at the start of the Katas Bassai Dai, Jion, Jiin etc. It describes the state of mind that you should be in before you begin the Kata.

JIKU-ASHI
Pivot leg.

JINCHU
Philtrum, or the spot just under the nose.

JINZO
Kidney.

JION
A Shorei-Ryu Kata.

JITTE
Ten hands. A higher grade Kata. The translation implies that if the Kata is mastered you can face ten opponents. This Kata is unique in that there is not a single punch in it.

JIYU
Freedom (of movement etc.).

JIYU-DACHI
Free sparring posture.

JIYU-IPPON-KUMITE
One step free sparring.

JIYU-KUMITE
free sparring.

JO
Wooden staff about 4'-5' in length. The Jo originated as a walking stick.

JO-TSUKAMI-WAZA
Jo grasping techniques.

JO-UKE
Jo block, A block against a Jo.

JODAN
Upper level. If called prior to an attack it indicates that the attack will be to the head area.

JODAN-MOROTE-UKE
Upper level augmented forearm block. As seen in the Kata Ji-On.

JODAN-UKE
Upper level block.

JO-DO
Way of the 4 foot staff.

JOGAI
Out of bounds.

JOKO
Slow.

JOMYAKU
Vein.

JOSO-KUTEI
Raised Sole.

JOTAI
Upper Body.

JU
Soft, gentle.

JUDO
Gentle way.

JUJI
Cross.

JUJI-UKE
Cross block or X block. Where the arms cross and block at the base of where they cross.

JUJUSTU
Art of gentleness.

JUN-KAITEN
Regular rotation, corresponding rotation. The hip and arm going in the same direction.

JUN-ZUKI (1)
Corresponding punch. i.e. punching with the same arm as the leg that is forward.

JUN-ZUKI (2)
The Wado Ryu term for Oi Zuki.

JUTTE (1)
A Shorei Ryu Kata.

JUTTE (2)
A forked iron truncheon.
K
KA
Person or practitioner.

KACHI
Win, victory.

KACHIKAKE
Point on jaw. Also see Ago.

KAESHI
Counter, the countering of an opponent's offensive action. Sometimes this seen spelt as Kaesu.

KAESHI-IPPON-KUMITE
Returning one step sparring, or countering one step sparring.

KAFUKUBU
Abdomen.

KAGI
Hook.

KAGI-UKE
Hooking block.

KAGI-ZUKI
Hook punch.

KAHANSHIN
Lower half of the body.

KAHO
Downward.

KAI
Style.

KAISHIN
Open heart, The beginning move of the Kata Kanku Dai.

KAISHO
Open hand. This refers to the type of blow or block which is delivered with the open hand. It can also be used to describe other hand blows in which the fist is not fully clenched or blocks with an open hand.

KAISHO-KOSA-UKE
Open hand cross block.

KAISHO-UKE
Open hand block.

KAITEN
Turn or rotate.

KAIUN-NO-TE
Open the cloud. From the Kata Unsu

KAKAE-NAGE
Trapping throw.

KAKAE-TE-UKE
Trapping hand block

KAKATO
Heel (of the foot)

KAKATO-GERI
Heel kick or also known as Axe Kick, striking with the back of the heel of the foot.

KAKE
Hooking.

KAKE-DORI
Hooking grasp or pull.

KAKE-TE
Hooking hand.

KAKE-UKE
Hooking block.

KAKE-WAZA
Hooking techniques.

KAKIWAKE
A two handed block using the outer surface of the wrist to neutralise a two-handed attack, such as a grab.

KAKIWAKE-UKE
Reverse wedge block. A two handed block used when an attacker attempts to grab the front chest area of the defender.

KAKUTO (1)
Bent wrist.

KAKUTO (2)
Heel of hand.

KAKUTO-UCHI
Bent wrist strike. Wrist joint strike. Also known as Ko Uchi.

KAKUTO-UKE
Bent wrist block. Wrist joint block. Also known as Ko Uke.

KAMA
Grass sickle (an Okinawan weapon).

KAMAE (1)
Posture or stance. Sometimes spelt Gamae.

KAMAE (2)
Attitude.

KAMAE-TE
A command given by the instructor for students to get into position.

KAMI
Hair. Kami Dori or Tsukami is Hair grab. Also see Ke.

KAMI-TSUKAMI
Hair Grab.

KAMITSUKU
Bite.

KAN
Fighting awareness, or penetrating the true nature of things.

KANJI
The symbols of Japanese writing. Karate is made up of two kanji. The first being the symbol for "Empty" and the second symbol being for "hand".

KANKU-DAI
A Shotokan Kata, meaning "To view the sky" Developed from the Okinawan Kata Kusanku.

KANKU-SHO
Viewing the sky. (Sho describes the movements of the Kata rather than its importance)

KANSETSU
Against the joint. Also used to describe locking techniques against joints.

KANSETSU-GERI
Joint kick, against a joint. Often used against the knee.

KANSETSU-UCHI
Joint strike.

KANSETSU-WAZA
Against the joint techniques, or locking techniques.

KAO
Face, as in of the head.

KARA
Empty. In Karate we use the Kara to imply that we are weapon-less or empty handed. Also, Master Funakoshi said "that the person who follows Karate must make himself void or empty by ridding himself of all selfcentredness and greed, making yourself empty within, but upright without. This is the real meaning of the "empty" in Karate.

KARADA
Body, physique.

KARATE
Empty Hand. When Karate was first introduced to Japan, it was called "To- De". The meaning of To De is Chinese Hand.

KARATE-NI-SENTENASHI
A term which sums up the essence of the art, it means "in Karate there is no first strike".

KARATE-D0-NYUMON
The first book written by Gichin Funakoshi. It translates literally as "A passage through the gates of the Karate way".

KARATE-DO
The way of the empty hand. This implies not only the physical aspect of Karate, but also the mental and social aspects of Karate.

KARATE-KA
A practitioner of Karate.

KARIKOMI
Cutting in.

KASEI
Under.

KASEI-GERI
Under kick. It is kicking from under your opponent. It is seen in the Kata Unsu.

KASUMI
Temple on the side of the head. Also see Komikami

KASUSATSU
The area between the fifth and sixth vertebra.

KATA (1)
Form, figure or shape. In Karate, Kata is a form or prescribed pattern of movement fighting imaginary opponents.

KATA (2)
Shoulder.

KATA(3)
Single or one.

KATANA
A type of sword. It was the longer of the two swords normally carried by a Samurai.

KATATE
One hand or single hand.

KATATE-UKE
One hand or single hand block.

KATSU (1)
Win.

KATSU (2)
A resuscitation technique.

KATSU (3)
A type of loud shout, similar to a Kiai.

KAWASHI
"Interaction", In practice you pass through your opponents attack, in effect exchanging places with him. Stepping in towards the attacker, while turning (Kawasu) your body to avoid the attack. Evasion.

KE
Hair.

KE-TSUKAMI
Hair Grab. This could also be Kami Tsukami.

KEAGE
"Kick Up" Generally used to describe snapping as opposed to thrusting kicks. See Keriage

KEBANASHI
Kick off.

KEGA
Injury or wound.

KEICHU
Nape of the neck.

KEIKO (1)
Training or practice.

KEIKO (2)
Joined fingertips or Chicken Head hand.

KEITO-UCHI
Chicken head strike.

KEITO-UKE
Chicken head block.

KEITO-UKE-NAGASHI
Chicken head blocking sweep.

KEKKAN
Blood vessel.

KEKOMI
Thrust kick (literally kick into or straight). See Kerikomi.

KEMPO
Fist Law. A generic term to describe fighting systems that uses the fist.

KEN (1)
Fist.

KEN (2)
Sword.

KENDO
Way of the sword.

KENSEI
The technique with silent Kiai. Related to meditation.

KENSEITAI
Feint.

KENTSUI
Hammer Fist Also known as Tetsui.

KENTSUI-UCHI
Hammer fist strike. See also Tetsui Uchi

KENTSUI-UKE
Hammer fist block. Also know as Tetsui Uke.

KERI
Kick. Also called Geri when used with another word.

KERI-WAZA
Kicking techniques.

KERIAGE
Kick up, this is the original name for a snap kick Keage.

KERIKOME
Kick in, this is the original name for a thrust kick or Kekomi.

KETTO
Blood.

KI
Mind. Spirit. Energy. Vital force. Intention. (Chinese "chi") Ki cannot easily be translated directly into any language.

KI-KEN-TAI-NO-ITCHI
Spirit, technique and body as one.

KI-O-TSUKE
Attention. Musubi Dachi with open hands down both sides.

KIAI
A shout delivered for the purpose of focusing all of one's energy into a single movement. One translation of Kiai is "the expression of vital spirit". It is often translated as "spirit shout".

KIBA-DACHI
Horse straddle stance or horse riding stance. Also known as Naihanchi Dachi.

KIHAKU
Spirit.

KIHON
Basic techniques.

KIHON-IPPON-KUMITE
Basic one-step sparring. The attacker calls the attack. The defender blocks and counters the attack. All carried out in basics. Kihon Kumite would be basic sparring.

KIME
Focus of power and concentration. Kime comes about as a result of Shin-Gi- Tai.

KIN-GERI
Front kick with the instep (aimed at groin).

KINNIKU
Muscles.

KINTEKI
Testicles.

KIREI-TU
Stand up.

KIRI
Cut or repeat.

KIRI-KAESHI
Repeated counter.

KISHO-IPPON-KUMITE
Returning one step sparring.

KIZAMI-GERI
Jabbing kick. Also called Kizami Mae Geri. It is a front kick off the front leg, thrown with a jabbing action.

KIZAMI-ZUKI
Jabbing punch.

KO (1)
Arc.

KO (2)
Back.

KO-BO-ICHI
The concept of "attack-defence connection".

KO-EMPI-UCHI
Rear elbow strike. Normally called Ushiro Empi Uchi.

KO-UCHI
Wrist joint strike. Also known as Kakuto Uchi.

KO-UKE
Crane block or arch block. Same as Kakuto Uke.

KOBAYASHI-RYU
"Small forest" An Okinawan form of Shorin Ryu karate.

KOBORE
Tibia.

KOBUDO
Ancient warrior art. Usually refers to weapons training.

KOBUSHI
Fist, in Karate Seiken is used.

KODENKO
The base of the spine.

KOHAI
A student junior to oneself.

KOHO
Back, behind or rear.

KOHO-KAITEN-TOBI
Rear turning jump, as used in the Kata Empi.

KOHO-OSAE
Rear grab. Often called a "bear hug".

KOHO-TENKAN
Reversing direction.

KOKEN
Wrist joint or bent wrist.

KOKO
Tiger mouth.

KOKO-HIZA-KUZUSHI

Tiger mouth knee pull down as seen in the Kata Nijushiho.

KOKO-OSAE
Tiger mouth grasp.

KOKO-UCHI
Tiger mouth strike. A strike using the area between the thumb and index finger.

KOKO-UKE
Tiger mouth block

KOKORO
Spirit, heart. In Japanese culture, the spirit dwells in the heart.

KOKOTSU
The centre point of the fibula and tibia (shin bone).

KOKUTSU-DACHI
Back stance. A stance with most of the weight over the rear leg. The actual translation means back knee bent stance.

KOKYU
Breath or breathing.

KOMANAGE
Spinning top. This is a throwing technique where you place your hand in the arm pit area of your attacker whilst your other hand holds his wrist. You then force your opponent down.

KOMEKAMI
The temple area of the head.

KOMI
Near or against.

KOMPAI
Peers, those of similar grade.

KORI
The upper surface of the instep.

KOSA
Cross.

KOSA-DACHI
Crossed stance referring to the feet. or Kosa Ashi Dachi.

KOSHI (1)
Ball of foot.

KOSHI (2)
Hip or waist.

KOSHI-KAMAE
Hip posture or stance. A stance where the fists are held one above the other against the hip.

KOSHI-NO-KAITEN
Hip rotation.

KOSHIN
Rearward.

KOTE (1)
Wrist.

KOTE (2)
Back hand.

KOTE (3)
Forearm.

KOTE-HODOKI-WAZA
Wrist releasing techniques.

KOTE-UCHI
Forearm strike.

KOWASU
Break.

KUBI
Neck.

KUBIWA
Neck circle or "to encircle the neck". This is a throwing technique where you encircle your opponents neck with your arm and then force his head and body off balance backwards throwing him to the ground.

KUBOTAN
A self-defence tool developed by Takayuki Kubota. This tool serves normally as a key chain.

KUCHI
Mouth.

KUCHIBIRU
Lip.

KUMADE
Bear hand.

KUMADE-UCHI
Bear hand strike.

KUMITE
Fighting or sparring

KUN
Oath.

KUSAGAKURE
The outside edge of the top of the foot.

KUSANKU
An Okinawan Shorin Ryu Kata, named after a Chinese Master.

KUSSU
Bent. For example, Hiza Kussu is bent knee.

KUTSU
Pain.

KUZUSHI
Breaking or upsetting.

KYO
Teach or teaching.

KYOEI
Area below the armpits, approximately the spot between the fifth and sixth ribs.

KYOKU
Breathing.

KYOSEN
Solar plexus. Also called Suigetsu.

KYOSHI
Knowledgeable person. Usually this title is conferred at rokudan or shichidan, depending on system.

KYOTOTSU
Base of breastbone or sternum.

KYU
Grade. Any rank below Shodan.

KYUSHIN
To study or seek. You may also see this as Kyoshin.

KYUSHO
Vital points, or pressure points.

KYUSHO-WAZA
Vital point techniques.
L

M
MA-AI
Distancing. Distancing with respect to one's partner. Since Karate techniques always vary according to circumstances, it is important to understand how differences in initial position affect the timing and application of techniques.

MA-AI-GA-TOH
Not proper distance.

MAE
Front or forward.

MAE-ASHI
Front leg or front foot.

MAE-ASHI-GERI
Front leg kick. A kick delivered from your front leg.

MAE-EMPI
Forward elbow strike.

MAE-EMPI-UCHI
Front elbow strike.

MAE-GERI
Front Kick. One of the basic Karate kicks.

MAE-GERI-KEAGE
Front snap kick. Also referred to as Mae Keage.

MAE-GERI-KEKOMI
Front thrust kick. Also referred to as Mae Kekomi.

MAE-HIJI-ATE
Front elbow strike.

MAE-NI-ITE
Going forward.

MAE-TOBI-GERI
Front jumping kick or flying front kick.

MAE-UKEMI
Forward fall or roll.

MAKIWARA
Punching board or post.

MAKOTO
A feeling of absolute sincerity, which requires a pure mind, free from pressure of events.

MANABU
Learning by imitating. A method of studying movement and techniques by following and imitating the instructor.

MANJI-KAMAE
A double block where one arm executes Gedan Barai to one side, while the other arm executes Jodan Haiwan Uke, usually carried out in Kokutsu Dachi.

MANJI-UKE
Another way of saying Manji Kamae.

MATA
Top of the thigh.

MATSUKAZE
The side of the neck.

MATTE
Stop or wait.

MAWARI-KOMI
Turning (like a top).

MAWASHI-EMPI-UCHI
Round house or circular elbow strike. Also referred to as Mawashi Hiji Ate.

MAWASHI-GERI
Roundhouse kick. This kick is considered to be a recent innovation and may explain why it is not seen in many Kata.

MAWASHI-HIJI-ATE
Roundhouse elbow strike. Also referred to as Mawashi Empi Uchi.

MAWASHI-HIZA-GERI
Roundhouse knee kick. Done with the same action as a normal roundhouse kick but striking with the knee.

MAWASHI-TOBI-GERI
Roundhouse jumping kick, or flying roundhouse kick.

MAWASHI-ZUKI
Roundhouse punch. This punch can be hooked around your opponents guard. It is not often used in Karate.

MAWAT-TE
A command given by the instructor for students to turn around.

MAYU
Eyebrow.

ME
Eye.

MEIJIN
Expert or master.

MEIKYO
Polished mirror. A black belt Kata.

MEN
Side, face or surface.

MIGAMAE
Physical readiness.

MIGI
Right or right side.

MIGI-KAMAE
Right posture. Used to describe when your right side is forward in a stance.

MIGI-NANEME-NI-YOKERU-KOTO
Right diagonal evasion

MIGITE
Right hand.

MIKAZUKI (1)
Crescent.

MIKAZUKI (2)
The lower ridge of the lower jaw, the mandible base.

MIKAZUKI-GERI
Crescent kick.

MIKAZUKI-GERI-UKE
Crescent kick block, where the kick is used to block an attack.

MIKEN
Summit of the nose in the centre of the forehead.

MIMI
Ear(s).

MIRU
Look.

MIZO-NAGARE-KAMAE
Water flowing posture, Nagare also translates as "sweeping" in the same way that Nagashi does.

MIZU
Water.

MIZU-NO-KOKORO
Mind like water. A psychological principle emphasising the need to calm your mind, like the surface of undisturbed water, while facing an opponent.

MOKUSO
Meditation. Training often begins or more normally ends with a short period of meditation. The reason for this is to clear ones mind and relax.

MOMO
Thigh.

MOROASHI-BARAI
Two leg sweep.

MOROTE
Augmented, double or two handed.

MOROTE-JO-UKE
Double handed Jo block.

MOROTE-KOKO-DORI
Double tiger mouth grasp.

MOROTE-KOKO-UKE
Double tiger mouth block.

MOROTE-KUBI-OSAE
Two handed head or neck hold, where both hands are used to grab either side of the opponents head.

MOROTE-SEIRYUTO-UCHI
Two handed Ox-jaw strike. Generally used against the collar bones.

MOROTE-UDE-UKE
Augmented forearm block. The opposite fist is placed close to the elbow of the blocking forearm. Often called Morote Uke.

MOROTE-UKE
Augmented block. One arm and fist support the other arm in a block.

MOROTE-ZUKI
Augmented punch or U-punch. Punching with both fists simultaneously. Also referred to as Awase Zuki.

MOTO
Original.

MUDANSHA
Students without black-belt ranking.

MUKI
Facing.

MUNE
Chest.

MUNEN-MUSO
Free of all idea's and thoughts. You are therefore ready to learn, or act with a clear mind, dedicating yourself to the task in hand.

MURASAME
The front portion of the throat on either side, just above the collar bone. The supraclavicular fossa.

MUSHIN
No mind, or without mind. It indicates a clear, calm spirit.

MUSUBI-DACHI
Informal attention stance. Heels placed together but with each foot turned out at 45 degrees.

MYAKU
Pulse.

MYOJO
Area about one inch below the navel.
N
NAGARI
Flowing stream or current. It has the same meaning or translation as Nagashi. Also spelt as Nagare or Nagareru.

NAGASHI
Flowing, or sweeping.

NAGASHI-UKE
Sweeping open handed block.

NAGE-WAZA
Throwing techniques.

NAIHANCHI
This was the original name for the Tekki Katas, but was changed by Funakoshi.

NAIHANCHI-DACHI
Kiba Dachi.

NAKADAKA-IPPON-KEN
Middle finger one knuckle fist. Sometimes also called Nakayubi Ippon Ken.

NAKAYUBI-IPPON-KEN
Middle finger fist. Normally called Nakadaka Ippon Ken.

NAMI
Wave.

NAMI-ASHI
Inside snapping block, also known as Returning Wave because of the motion of the leg. It is some times called Nami Geashi.

NANAME
Diagonal.

NEKO
Cat.

NEKO-ASHI-DACHI
Cat stance.

NI-NO-KOSHI-NO-HYOSHI
In two beats (feint).

NIHON-NUKITE
Two finger spear hand. Striking with the index and middle fingers, usually to the eyes.

NIHON-ZUKI
Two consecutive punches from alternate hands.

NIJUSHIHO
Twenty four steps. A black belt Kata that is performed over twenty four steps.

NIKEITO-KAMAE
Double chicken head posture.

NIKU
Flesh.

NO-MUKO-HOFAKU
Facing opposite way.

NOBASHI
Extend.

NODO
Throat.

NOGARE
A style of breathing used in Karate that advocates proper breath control even in the face of danger.

NUKITE
Spear hand

NUNCHAKU
An Okinawan weapon. Two lengths of wood hinged together by cord. Was probably developed from a horse bridle (and not rice flail).
O
OBI
Belt

OI-ZUKI
Lunge punch.

OKINAWA
One of a group of islands South East of Japan. Where karate was developed.

OKINAWA-TE
An old name for what today is known as Karate, also see To-De and To-Te.

OKURI-ASHI-BARAI
Moving on-to foot sweep. The opponents foot is swept out from under him as he steps forwards.

OMOTE
Front.

OMOTE-KOTE
Front forearm or inner forearm.

ONAJI-WAZA
Same technique.

OSAE
Pressing or holding.

OSAE-UKE
Forearm pressing block.

OSHI
Pressing. Also see Osae.

OSS
A word peculiar to Karate; it is used as a form of greeting, or "yes" etc.

OSU
Push.

OTOSHI
Drop or dropping.

OTOSHI-EMPI-UCHI
Dropping (downward) elbow strike. An elbow strike made by dropping the elbow. Also referred to as Otoshi Hiji Ate.

OYAYUBI-IPPON-KEN
Thumb knuckle.

OYO-WAZA
Applications "interpreted" from techniques in Kata, implicated according to a given condition.
P
PASSAI
An Okinawan Shorin Ryu Kata, whose meaning is unknown.

PINAN
A series of five Kata formulated by Itosu.
Q

R
REI (1)
Bow, respect. A method of showing respect in Japanese culture is the bow.

REI (2)
Zero.

REIGI
Etiquette. Also referred to as Reishiki. Observance of proper etiquette at all times, especially observance of proper Dojo etiquette.

REINOJI-DACHI
A stance with feet making a "L"-shape.

REISHIKI
Etiquette. See Reigi.

REMNEI
Association.

REN
Consecutive punches or kicks i.e. Ren Zuki or Ren Geri.

REN-GERI
Consecutive kicking; alternate kicking i.e. left and then right.

REN-ZUKI
Consecutive punching; alternate punching i.e. left and then right.


RENOJI-DACHI
A stance with feet making a "L" shape. If called as Migi Renoji Dachi then the right foot is in front, and Hidari Renoji Dachi the left foot is in front.

RENRAKU
Combinations. In relation to fighting combinations.

RENRAKU-WAZA
Combination techniques. Multiple attacks and defences performed in succession.

RENSHI
"A person who has mastered oneself." This person is considered an expert instructor. This status is prerequisite before attaining the status as Kyoshi. Renshi means "has a name." Renshi is no longer one of the many, so to speak. Renshi is usually given at yodan to rokudan, depending on the system.

ROKKOTSU
Rib.

RONIN
A leaderless samurai, he was seen as being of low moral virtue.

RYO
Both or both sides.

RYO-ASHI
Both feet or legs.

RYO-KOSHI-KAMAE
Both hip stance. A stance where the fists are clenched and placed on the hips. So that the bottoms of the fists are touching the hips.

RYO-SOKU
Both sides.

RYO-TE
Both hands.

RYU (1)
School or Style. The literal translation of Ryu is to flow, drift or circulate. It has been used to mean "Style" or "Method" because of the way Karate was taught. In more primitive times, the style was "handed down"-"circulated" from master to pupil.

RYU (2)
Dragon.
S
SAEI-REI-TU
Line up.

SAGETA-EMPI-UCHI
Lowered elbow strike. Normally called Otoshi Empi.

SAGI
Heron.

SAGI-ASHI-DACHI
One leg stance or Heron stance. Also referred to as Gankaku Dachi or Tsuru Ashi Dachi.

SAHO
Etiquette.

SAI
An Okinawan weapon, a steel pronged truncheon.

SAKOTSU
Collar bone.

SAN (1)
Three.

SAN (2)
Friend.

SANBON-KUMITE
Three step sparring. Usually the first attack is Oi Zuki Jodan, the second Oi Zuki Chudan and the third Mai Geri.

SANBON-SHOBU
Three point match. Used in tournaments.

SANBON-ZUKI
A series of three punches, generally the first is Oi Zuki Jodan, followed by a slight pause then, Chudan Gyaku Zuki, immediately followed by Chudan Choku Zuki.

SANCHIN
The core Goju Ryu Kata, which emphasises correct breathing.

SANCHIN-DACHI
Hour-glass stance. So named from the shape that the legs form.

SANKAKU
Triangular. It translates as "three angles".

SASAE
Prop or propping.

SASHI-ASHI-DACHI
Stepping across or extending the foot.

SASHITE
Raising of the hand either to strike, grab, or block.

SEBONE
Backbone, spine.

SEI
Tranquillity or inactivity.

SEIDOKAN
An Okinawan Karate system founded by Soke Toma. It encompasses the punching, kicking and blocking techniques of Karate; the throwing and joint locking techniques of Aiki-Ju-Jutsu; and the traditional weaponry of Okinawa.

SEIDON
The area above and below the eyes.

SEIKEN
Forefist. This is the basic fist where the fingers are rolled tightly in to the palm and the thumb presses on top. The two largest knuckles are used to strike.

SEIKEN-ZUKI
Fore fist punch.

SEIPAI
An Okinawan Shorei Ryu Kata.

SEIRYUTO
Ox jaw. The area on the hand corresponding to the base of the Shuto.

SEIRYUTO-UKE
Ox jaw block. A hand technique delivered with the base of the Shuto.


SEISAN
An Okinawan Shorin Ryu Kata.

SEISHIN
Mind and spirit.

SEIZA
Proper sitting position. Sitting on one's knees. It is used for the formal opening and closing of the class.

SEKAKU
Accuracy.

SEMPAI
A senior student.

SEMPAI
A senior student.

SEMPAI
Senior.

SEN-NO-SEN
To counter attack or attack at the precise moment your opponent attacks you.

SENAKA
The back.

SENSEI
Literally "one who as gone before". Teacher. It is usually considered proper to address the instructor during practice as Sensei.

SENSEI-NI-REI
Bow to teacher.

SEOI
Shoulder.

SEOI-NAGE
Shoulder throw.

SHIHAN
A formal title meaning master or master instructor. A teacher of teachers. Generally a 5th Dan or above.

SHIKO-DACHI
Square stance. A stance often used in Goju-Ryu and Shito-Ryu.

SHIN
Core, centre.

SHINKEI
Nerves.

SHINTAI
Body, another expression for body.

SHINZO
Heart.

SHIRO
White

SHIRYOKU
Eyesight.

SHITA
Tongue.

SHITTSUI
Knee hammer.

SHIZEN-DACHI
Natural stance. A term used to describe any natural stance.


SHIZENTAI
Natural position. The body remains relaxed but alert.

SHO (1)
Major or Greater.

SHO (2)
Palm, as in hand.

SHODAN
A first level black belt.

SHOFU
Side of neck.

SHOMEN
Front or top of head. Also the designated front of a Dojo.

SHOMEN-NI-REI
Bow to the front.

SHOREI-RYU
An Okinawan karate system which originated in Naha.

SHORIN-RYU
The major style of Okinawan karate, meaning "Pine Forest" school.

SHOTOKAN
A style of Karate. The name is derived from the pen name that Gichin Funakoshi. The name is made up of "Shoto", meaning Waving Pines, which was Funakoshi's pen name, and "Kan" meaning House or School.

SHRUI-TE
An ancient Okinawan style of karate - the forerunner of Shorin Ryu.

SHUKO
Back of the hand. Generally called Haishu.

SHUTO
Knife hand.

SHUTO-TE
Same as Shuto Uke.

SHUTO-UCHI
Knife hand strike.

SHUTO-UKE
Knife hand block.

SHUTSUI
Hammer hand. See Tetsui.

SOBI
The area on the inside of the lower part of the leg, approximately at the base of the calf.

SOCHIN
Immovable in the face of danger. A black belt Kata mainly performed in Sochin Dachi.

SOCHIN-DACHI
Diagonal Straddle Leg Stance or Immovable Stance, also referred to as Fudo Dachi. In Sochin Dachi the weight is evenly distributed over both legs.

SODA (1)
The area between the shoulder blades.

SODE (2)
Sleeve.

SOERU
Attach or to attach.

SOESHO
Palm on or palm assisted.

SOESHO-KAESHI-UDE
Palm assisted counter fore-arm.

SOETE
Hand on or hand assisted.

SOETE-MAE-EMPI-UCHI
Hand on or hand assisted front elbow strike.

SOETE-SOKUMEN-UKE
Hand assisted side block.

SOKKO
Top of the foot.

SOKUDO
Speed.

SOKUMEN
Side or flank.

SOKUMEN-AWASE-UKE
Side combined block.

SOKUMEN-EMPI-UCHI
Side combined elbow strike. The opponent is pulled onto the strike.

SOKUMEN-MOROTE-ZUKI
Side double punch.

SOKUMEN-SOETE-GEDAN-UCHI-UDE-UKE
Side hand assisted lower level inside fore-arm block.

SOKUTEI
Sole of foot.

SOKUTEI-MAWASHI-UKE
Sole (foot) circular block.

SOKUTEI-OSAE-UKE
Sole (foot) pressing block.

SOKUTO
Edge of foot. The striking area in a side thrust or snap kick.

SOKUTO-GERI
Edge of foot kick. Also called Ashi Gatana.

SOKUTO-KAKE-UKE
Hooking foot block. Using the edge of the foot.

SOKUTO-OSAE-UKE
Foot edge pressing block.

SONU
Area between the throat and top of the breastbone or sternum.

SORASHI
Feint.

SOTO
Outside, outer or exterior.

SOTO-(UDE)-UKE
Outside (forearm) block.

SOTO-UDE-UKE
Outside forearm block or sometimes called lower wrist block.

SOTO-UKE
Outside block, a shortened version of Soto Ude Uke.

SOTO-YOKO-TE
Same as Uchi Ude Uke.

SOTOJAKUZAWA
The outer part of the forearm where the pulse can be felt.

SOWAN
Both arms.

SOWAN-UKE
Both arm block.

SUASHI
Bare foot.

SUBERKOMI
Sliding in.

SUHADA
Bare skin.

SUIGETSU
Solar plexus.

SUIHEI
Horizontal or level.

SUIHEI-BO-DORI
Horizontal bo grasp.

SUJI
Muscle fibre.

SUKI
Opening.

SUKUI
Scooping or to scoop up.

SUKUI-TE
Same as Sukui Uke.

SUKUI-UKE
Scooping block.

SUMI
Corner.

SUNDOME
No contact, arresting a technique.

SUNE
Shin.

SUNE-UKE
Shin block. Generally used against a roundhouse kick.

SURI
Sliding, as in Hiji Suri Uke or elbow sliding block.

SURI-ASHI
To slide your feet along the floor.

SUTEMI-WAZA
"Last chance" technique.

SUWARI-WAZA
Techniques from a sitting position.
T
TACHI (1)
A Japanese long sword.

TACHI (2)
Standing or stance. Zenkutsu Tachi is the old term for Zenkutsu Dachi.

TACHI-WAZA
Standing techniques.

TACHIKATA
Stances. In some works you may see TachiKata as a general term for karate stances.

TAI
Body.

TAI-SABAKI
Body movement, shifting or evasion.

TAIKAKU
Build or physique, body shape.

TAIKYOKYU
First cause. The first Kata taught in Shotokan Karate. Three Taikyo Kyu Kata were originally devised and all share a common line of movement. Funakoshi noted that a beginner would take appropriately 40 seconds to complete and a higher grade some 5 seconds less. Taikyo Kyu 4, 5 and 6 are French inventions. Some say that Taikyoku Kata were originally from the Goju-Ryu and as the name implies, consist of nine Kata. Funakoshi made the statement that if a student understood the concepts of the Taikyoku Kata, then he should be able to understand the idea that you begin with basics and return to basics.

TAIMING-GA-OSOI
Not proper timing.

TAIRA-NA
Level or even.

TAMERAU

Hesitate.
TAMESHIEARI

To test and to break. Breaking (of wood, tiles, etc.). Trial by Wood.

TANDEN
Centre of gravity, naval area.

TANIOTOSHI
To push off a cliff. This is a form of shoulder throw where you step in to your attacker so that your shoulder goes under your attackers same armpit whilst holding on to his same arm.

TAOSHI
Down.

TATAMI
Floor mat.

TATE
Vertical.

TATE-EMPI-UCHI
Vertical (or upward) elbow strike. Also called Age Empi.

TATE-NUKITE
Vertical spear hand, or vertical piercing hand.

TATE-SHUTO-OSAE
Vertical knife hand press, used to push your attackers punching arm further round than in just a block and therefore turning his body further away from you.

TATE-SHUTO-UKE
Vertical knife hand block.

TATE-URAKEN-UCHI
Vertical back fist strike.

TATE-ZUKI
Vertical punch. A fist punch with the palm along a vertical plane.

TE
Hand.

TE-GATANA
Hand sword, generally referred to as Shuto.

TE-GATANA-UCHI
Hand sword strike, generally referred to as Shuto Uchi.

TE-GATANA-UKE
Hand sword block, generally referred to as Shuto Uke.

TE-TSUKAMI
Hand grasp.

TE-WAZA
Hand techniques.

TE-NAGASHI-UKE
Hand sweeping block. Usually called Nagashi Uke

TE-OSAE-UKE
Hand pressing block. Usually called Osae Uke.

TEIJI-DACHI
A Stance with the feet in a "T" shape. If called Migi Teiji Dachi then the right foot is forward, and if termed Hidari Teiji Dachi then the left foot is forwards.

TEISHO
Palm heel. The area at the base of the palm.

TEISHO-BARAI
Palm heel sweep.

TEISHO-UCHI
Palm heel strike.

TEISHO-UKE
Palm heel block.

TEKKI
Horse riding. Originally called Naihanchi.

TEKKI-SHODAN-/-NIDAN-/-SANDAN
A group of three Katas each performed from Kiba Dachi or horse riding stance.

TEKUBI-KAKE-UKE
Wrist hooking block.

TEN-NO-KATA
A Kata created and designed under the leadership and guidance of Funakoshi. It is a Kata unique to the Shotokai.

TENCHI
Heaven and earth. "Tenchi Uke" is to simultaneously perform the same blocking technique, one high and one low.

TENDO
The crown of the head.

TENSHIN
Changing course. See Hineri Tenshin.

TENTO
The space between the crown of the head and the forehead.

TETSUI
Hammer fist or bottom fist.

TETSUI-HASAMI-UCHI
Bottom fist scissor strike. As seen in the Kata Bassai Dai.

TETSUI-UCHI
Bottom fist strike or hammer fist strike. Also called Kentsui Uchi.

TO-DE
An old Okinawan name for Karate, also see Okinawa-Te and To-Te.

TO-TE
To-te was an Okinawan form of Karate, also see To-De and Okinawa-Te.

TOBI
Jump or jumping.

TOBI-ASHI-BARAI
Jumping foot sweep. Used to clear the target area for Tobi Ushiro geri.

TOBI-GERI
Jumping kick.

TOBI-TETTSUI-UCHI
Jumping Bottom Fist Strike. The normal target area would be the top of the head or the collarbone.

TOBI-USHIRO-GERI
Jumping back kick.

TOBI-ZUKI
Jumping punch.

TOBIGOSHI
Jumping over.

TOBIKOMI-ZUKI
Jumping front punch.

TOKUI
Favourite. I.e. Tokui Kata would be your favourite Kata.

TOMOE
Stomach.

TONFA
A farm tool developed into a weapon by the Okinawans.

TORA
Tiger. The animal that represents Shotokan Karate.

TOSHI
Fighting spirit.

TSUBAMEGAESHI
V-turning swallow. A throwing technique.

TSUGI-ASHI
Following foot, a method of moving where one foot follows the other, but never passes it.

TSUKAMI-UKE
Grasping block.

TSUKAMI-WAZA
Grasping technique. A blocking technique by seizing the opponent's arm, leg or weapon.

TSUKAMI-YOSE
Grasping and pulling.

TSUKI
A punch or thrust. Also referred to as Zuki.

TSUKKOMI
Charging.

TSUMASAKI
Tips of the toes.

TSUMASAKI-GERI
Kicking using the tips of the toes to strike with. Only used to attack the soft parts of the opponents body e.g. groin.

TSUME
Nail, of the fingers or toes. Used to cut across the opponent's eyes.

TSURU
Crane, as in the bird.

TSURU-ASHI-DACHI
Crane stance, also referred to as Gankaku Dachi and Sagi Ashi Dachi.

TSUYOI
Strong or powerful.

TUITE
Grappling skills.
U
UCHI (1)
Strike or striking.

UCHI (2)
Inner or interior.

UCHI-(UDE)-UKE
Inside (Forearm) block.

UCHI-DESHI
Number one student, sometimes a live-in student or trainee.

UCHI-KOMI
Striking thrust.

UCHI-MAWASHI-GERI
Inside roundhouse kick.

UCHI-UKE
Inside block. Generally used as a short version of Uchi Ude Uke.

UCHI-YOKO-TE
Same as Soto Ude Uke.

UCHI-HACHIJI-DACHI
Inverted open leg stance, or inverted figure eight stance. The feet are shoulder width apart but with the feet facing inwards.

UCHIJAKUZAWA
The inner parts of the forearm where the pulse can be felt. Sometimes called Miyakudokoro.

UCHIKUROBUSHI
The inside of the ankle joint.

UCHITE
Striking hand.

UDE
Forearm.

UDE-UKE
Forearm block.

UDEKANSETSU
Arm joint.

UE
Top, as in "on", "above" or "over".

UKE (1)
Block.

UKE (2)
Receive.

UKE-GAE
Changing blocks.

UKE-KIME
Blocking and finishing.

UKEMI
Breakfalling.

UKEMI-WAZA
Breakfall techniques.

UKETE
Blocking hand.

UNKOKU
Rhythm and fluidity of movement.

UNSOKU
Moving (leg movement).

UNSU
Hands in the cloud. A senior black belt Kata.

URA
Reverse, rear, reverse side or back.

URA-MAWASHI-GERI
Back or reverse round house kick.

URA-MIKAZUKI-GERI
Back or reverse crescent kick.

URA-WAZA
Reverse techniques.

URA-ZUKI
An upper cut or close punch used at short distance. Sometimes called Staz Zuki.

URAKEN
Back fist.

URAKEN-UCHI
Back fist strike. This is an extremely fast technique although mechanically it is not as powerful as some other hand techniques.

URAKEN-UKE
Back fist block.

URAOMOTE
Both sides, back and front.

USHIRO
Back or rear.

USHIRO-ASHI-BARAI
Rear leg sweep. Sweeping an opponent's back leg.

USHIRO-EMPI-UCHI
Striking to the rear with the elbow.

USHIRO-GERI
Back kick. Delivered with the heel of the foot, the toes must point down.

USHIRO-KAKATO-GERI
Back heel kick. A good technique when in a "bearhug". The target area would be your attackers shin bone.

USHIRO-MAWASHI-EMPI-UCHI
Back roundhouse elbow strike.

USHIRO-MAWASHI-GERI
Back round house kick.

USHIRO-NI-ITE
Going back.

USHIRO-OSAE-KOMI
Best described a "bear hug" from behind.

USHIRO-SURI-ASHI
Rear sliding leg. The movement of the rear leg to meet the front leg.

UTO
The point at the base of the nose between the eyes.
V
W
WA (1)
Circle or ring.

WA (2)
Peace.

WA-UKE
Circle block, where the path taken is a half-circle. At the end of the block the hand is angled slightly to the outside.

WADO-RYU
Way of peace school. A Japanese style of karate.

WAKI
Side or flank.

WAKIBARA
Side of the chest.

WAKIZASHI
The shorter of two swords worn by the Samurai.

WAN
Arm.

WANKAN
A Shotokan Kata. "Kings Crown"

WANSHU
An Okinawan Shorin Ryu Kata named after a Chinese Master.

WANSHUN
Top of outside edge of upper arm.

WASHI
Eagle.

WASHIDE
Eagle hand. Formally called Washi-te.

WASHIDE-AGE-UCHI
Eagle hand rising strike.

WASHIDE-OTOSHI-UCHI
Eagle hand dropping strike.

WASHIDE-UCHI
Eagle hand strike

WASHIDE-UKE
Eagle hand block
X
Y
YAKO
The inside of the upper thigh.

YAMA-UKE
Mountain block.

YAMA-ZUKI
Mountain punch. A wide U-shaped dual punch.

YAME
Finish or stop.

YASUME
Rest. An instruction to the students to relax, normally following a long series of drills.

YOBO
Face.

YOI
Ready, in a state of alertness.

YOKO
Side or lateral.

YOKO-EMPI-UCHI
Side elbow strike.

YOKO-GERI
Side kick.

YOKO-GERI-KEAGE
Side snap kick. Also referred to as Yoko Keage.

YOKO-GERI-KEKOMI
Side thrust kick. Also referred to as Yoko Kekomi.

YOKO-MAWASHI-EMPI-UCHI
Side roundhouse elbow strike. Striking with the elbow to the side.

YOKO-TOBI-GERI
Side jumping kick or flying side kick.

YONHON-NUKITE
Four finger spear hand. It is more commonly called Nukite.

YORI-ASHI
Sliding the feet, without legs crossing.

YOSE
Pulling.

YUBI
Finger or toe.

YUBI-NO-KANSETSU
Knuckle.

YUBISAKI
Fingertip.

YUDANCHA (1)
The collective name for all Dan grades present.

YUDANSHA (2)
Black belt holder (any rank).

YUMI
Bow, as in archery.

YUMI-ZUKI
Bow punch, or called bow drawing punch. One hand pulls your opponent forward as you execute the punch.
Z
ZA
Seated or kneeling.

ZA-REI
The traditional Japanese bow from the kneeling position.


ZANSHIN
Literally "remaining mind or heart". Awareness of one's surroundings. Even after a technique has been completed, one should remain in a balanced and aware state.

ZANSHIN-KAMAE
Awareness posture.

ZEMPO
Front or forward.

ZEN-EMPI-UCHI
Front elbow strike. Normally called Mae Empi Uchi.

ZENKUTSU-DACHI
Forward stance or front stance. The actual translation means front knee bent stance. The most basic Karate stance.

ZENSHIN (1)
Forward or advance.

ZENSHIN (2)
Whole (entire) body.

ZENWAN
Forearm.

ZOE
Supporting.

ZORI
Japanese slippers.

ZUKAMI
An alternative spelling of Tsukami meaning grasping.

ZUKI
A different spelling of Tsuki.

ZUNO
Head.


JAPANESE PHONETICS

The most difficult part of learning a martial art in a traditional dojo is learning to listen to and understand the Japanese words that are spoken. The Japanese commands are necessary to the proper induction of a student into the art. Historically it is necessary, as some commands cannot be put into English without a lengthy explanation.

JAPANESE GLOSSARY
COUNTING IN JAPANESE

REI Zero JU TEN
ICHI ONE Ni ju Twenty
NI TWO San ju Thirty
SAN THREE yon ju Forty
SHI FOUR Go ju Fifty
GO FIVE Roku ju Sixty
ROKU SIX Nana ju Seventy
SHICHI SEVEN Hachi ju Eighty
HACHI EIGHT Ku ju Ninety
KU NINE Hiaku One Hundred
ichi ban first
ni ban second
san ban third
yon ban fourth
go ban fifth
roku ban sixth
nana ban seventh
hachi ban eighth
kyu ban ninth
ju ban tenth

When pronouncing Japanese words, many of the syllables are silent. In the numbers, the "I" at the end of ICHI, SHICM, HACHI are silent. Also, the "U" at the end of "ROKU" is silent.

In addition to being more correct, this allows for a more rhythmic counting style. Higher numbers (11-99) are created by adding lower numbers together: 11 = Ju+Ichi, 12 = Ju+Ni, etc. and 20 = Ni+Ju, 30 = San + Ju, etc.

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